The source of skin aging

Oxidative damage / Free radical theory

Aging is the result of accumulation of oxidative damage to tissues. It is also known as the free radical radical theory. Free radicals are a natural result of metabolism. Exposure to UV and X-rays, exposure to toxic chemicals, including heavy metals, and the ingestion of certain foods can create free radicals.

Cellular DNA damage

Cellular mutations can lead to death caused by aging. Cellular DNA damage is also a form of oxidative damage. Environmental toxins, smoking and some antibiotics and even some anti-inflammatory drugs can cause DNA damage.

Tissue glycosylation

Glycosylation is a process, without enzyme involvement, in which a sugar molecule binds a protein or lipid molecule. The theory is that reducing tissue glycosylation (the cross-linking of tissue cross-linking of proteins to glycans) could increase the upper limit of human lifespan.

Chronic inflammation

Inflammation is a natural process that occurs when circulatory system tissues respond to, for example, damaged cells, irritants or infectious agents. cells, irritants or infectious agents. However, excessive or prolonged inflammation is an abnormal response that can lead to premature aging.

Damage to the immune system

As we age, the immune system becomes compromised, making us susceptible to infections.

Telomere shortening and damage

Telomeres are the "caps" on the ends of chromosomes in human cells. Their function is to protect the integrity of chromosomal information during cell division. When a cell cell divides, the enzyme DNA, which replicates chromosomes, can only produce slightly the enzymes that replicate chromosomes when cells divide can only replicate slightly shorter chromosomes, losing some information at their ends. Once the division is replication is complete, the cell reaches its natural limit of life and dies.

Matrix metalloproteinases and collagen-elastin degradation

ECMs are intricate networks of large molecules that have that provide a suitable site for cell survival ECMs provide suitable sites for cell survival and activity, and influence cell shape, metabolism, function, migration, proliferation and differentiation through signal transduction systems. The major components of the ECM include collagen, elastin, and elastin. The major components of the ECM include collagen, elastin, matrix glycoproteins and protein polysaccharides. The main components of ECM are collagen, elastin, matrix glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which are degraded by protein hydrolases. When matrix metalloproteinases are overexpressed, they will degrade the collagen and other components of the ECM.