Multifunctional Cistanche Extract

Cistanches are a group of annual parasitic plants native to North America and East Asia that grow in sandy soils in the United States and northeastern China. They are dug up in the spring while the seedlings are still young or just emerging from the ground, and the inflorescences are then excised, sliced and dried in the sun, and called "sweet cistanches". Those collected in autumn and soaked in salt water are called "salted cistanches"; after the salt is removed, they are sliced, dried in the sun or steamed in water and wine and dried in the air.

China is the world's leading producer of Cistanches, with Cistanches tubulosa, which has a history of more than 2,000 years of consumption and medicine, being known as Hetian Cistanches;

The stems of Cistanches are a type of kidney rejuvenating tonic that can help support and enhance kidney function. When the kidneys are weak (e.g. in cases of edema) or when the kidney function is not in balance with other organ functions (e.g. urinary incontinence). Cistanche is also very effective for male impotence and causes a rise in sexual performance beyond a rise in libido.

Safety

There have been no reports of serious side effects after taking Cistanche. It is also recognized by the American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) as "generally safe when taken in appropriate doses".

Pharmacological effects

1.Effects on central nervous system

In Lipiodolized mice, it can increase the content of hypothalamic NE, striatal DA and brainstem 5-HT, and decrease the content of 5-HIAA. The ethanolic extract of Cistanche cistanche given to rats by continuous gavage for 40 days could increase the content of hypothalamic desmethyladrenaline and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in Chemicalbook and increase the ratio of desmethyladrenaline to dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; it had a certain increase effect on striatal dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, while it had no significant effect on monoamine neurotransmitters in limbic brain area.

2. Endocrine and metabolic adjustment

Cistanche extract has a regulating effect on the decrease and increase of nucleic acid content in liver and spleen of Yang-deficient and Yin-deficient animals; it has the effect of activating the adrenal glands to release corticosteroids; it can enhance the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian pro-luteinizing function, improve the responsiveness of the pituitary gland to LRH and the ovarian pro-luteinizing function, improve the responsiveness of the pituitary gland to LRH and the ovarian anti-Chemicalbook responsiveness to LH, without affecting the natural The endocrine balance of the reproductive cycle; certain organic acid substances of Cistanche extract have the effect of promoting salivary secretion in mice; can increase the synthesis of DNA in the liver of Yang deficient animals; promote the synthesis of RNA; improve the nucleic acid metabolism of proteins; with its dilute alcoholic extract added to water to feed rats, it has the effect of promoting growth and development; can prolong the life span of some animals.

3. Effects on immune function

Cistanche cistanche aqueous solution given to mice at 50-100mg per kg increased spleen and thymus weight; increased macrophage phagocytosis rate; increased hemolysin and hemolysis vacancy values; increased cAMP content in peritoneal macrophages and decreased cGMP content; increased lymphocyte conversion rate and increased 3H-TdR content infiltrated into lymphocytes; enhanced delayed hypersensitivity response. The low concentration (5 mg/mL) of Cistanche botrytis increased the rate of Ea nodulation in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes, but had no effect on the rate of Et nodulation, while the high concentration (50 mg/mL) decreased the rate of Et nodulation. Cistanche decreases the percentage of ANAE+ lymphocytes at high and low concentrations. Infusion of 60% Cistanche decoction 0.5mL for 8 days in mice had the effect of enhancing the footpad response after SRBC attack.

4. Androgen-like effects

The crude extract of Cistanche has androgen-like effects, which can increase the weight of the seminal vesicles, prostate and other paraphilias. Betaine and ergosteroside isolated from Cistanche have the same androgen-like effect, among which Chemicalbook betaine has stronger effect than the crude extract, and it is initially speculated that betaine and ergosteroside are the main active ingredients of the androgen-like effect of Cistanche. The phenylethanol glycosides isolated from this product, including ergosteroside, also have the effect of improving sexual function.

5. Antioxidant effect

The ethanolic extract of Cistanche can significantly inhibit the production of lipid peroxide in rat brain, liver, heart, kidney and testis tissue homogenates in an in vitro incubation system, and showed a quantitative-effect relationship. chemicalbook continuous gavage had a significant inhibitory effect on the production of lipid peroxide in rat cerebral cortex, but had no significant effect on other tissues; it had a significant enhancement on plasma superoxide dismutase activity.

6. Laxative effect

Cistanche extract can significantly shorten the defecation time of mice and promote defecation; it can significantly increase the propulsion of small intestine and enhance intestinal peristalsis; it can effectively counteract the inhibitory effect of atropine on defecation of mice; it has an inhibitory effect on water absorption in the large intestine of mice.

7. Other effects

The alcoholic extract of Cistanche cistannii can counteract the chronic suspension stress-induced depression of sexual behavior and learning ability in male mice. It has increased the rate of DNA synthesis in liver and spleen in hydrocortisone "Yang deficiency" mice. It has a significant inhibitory effect on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The decoction of hydrocortisone by gavage can increase body weight, prolong swimming time, improve hypoxia tolerance, reduce the magnitude of serum creatine kinase elevation after exercise, ultrastructure shows that skeletal muscle glycogen content is abundant, mitochondria generally proliferate and hypertrophy after exercise, myogenic fiber structure is intact. It can make the serum urea nitrogen level of Chemicalbook mice lower than that of control group; the endoplasmic reticulum of liver rough surface is proliferated and hypertrophied, and the nucleoprotein bodies are not obviously "degranulated" and the pool of endoplasmic reticulum is expanded after exercise. It can antagonize protein catabolism and adjust cellular ultrastructure to promote protein synthesis. The reduced body weight growth rate, freezing tolerance time, erythrocyte SOD activity and hemoglobin content of "Yang-deficient" mice were normalized to some extent. The addition of the alcoholic extract of Cistanche cistannii to the prolonged use of corticosteroids can prevent the atrophy of the adrenal cortex caused by the use of hormones alone, and also has a certain protective effect on the kidney function.

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