Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2023-07-04 Origin: Site
1. Intracellular molecular level changes
1) DNA: Replication and transcription are inhibited, telomeric DNA is lost, mitochondrial DNA is specifically missing, DNA is oxidatively cross-linked by free radicals, and methylation is reduced
Solution pathway: DNA protection; mitochondrial repair: Ergothioneine
2) Protein: protein homeostasis is disrupted, synthesis decreases, intracellular proteins undergo modification reactions such as glycosylation, and free radicals denature proteins by cross-linking. Solution pathway: maintenance of protein homeostasis key proteins (ubiquitin-proteasome/accelerated scavenging, autophagic lysosomes)
3) Enzymes: oxidative inactivation of active centers, loss of metal ions Ca2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, etc., changes in secondary structure, solubility, isoelectric point of enzyme molecules
Solution path: enhance cell signaling
2. Overall changes inside and outside of cellular aging
1) Lipids: unsaturated fatty acids are oxidized, causing cross-linking between membrane lipids or with lipoproteins, and membrane fluidity is reduced.
Solution path: repair oxidized biofilm
3. Changes in the extracellular environment
1) ECM damage
Solution path: Reconstruct ECM, maintain cellular communication environment
2) Increase in inflammation level and zombie cells
Solution path: Alleviate inflammation levels
3) Increased levels of oxidative stress
Solution path: Alleviate oxidative stress and environmental stress
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